Table 10.5-2 Causes of Secondary Mood Disorders

Table 10.5-2 Causes of Secondary Mood Disorders

Drug Intoxication    Alcohol or sedative-hypnotics    Antipsychotics    Antidepressants    Metoclopramide, H2-receptor blockers    Antihypertensives (especially centrally acting agents, e.g., methyldopa, clonidine, reserpine)    Sex steroids (e.g., oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids)    Glucocorticoids    Levodopa    Bromocriptine Drug Withdrawal    Nicotine, caffeine, alcohol or sedative-hypnotics, cocaine, amphetamines Tumor    Primary cerebral    Systemic neoplasm Trauma    Cerebral contusion    Subdural hematoma Infection    Cerebral (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, HIV, syphilis)    Systemic (e.g., sepsis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia) Cardiac and Vascular    Cerebrovascular (e.g., infarcts, hemorrhage, vasculitis)    Cardiovascular (e.g., low-output states, congestive heart failure, shock) Physiological or Metabolic    Hypoxemia, electrolyte disturbances, renal or hepatic failure, hypo- or hyperglycemia, postictal states Endocrine    Thyroid or glucocorticoid disturbances Nutritional    Vitamin B12, folate deficiency Demyelinating    Multiple sclerosis Neurodegenerative    Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. (Courtesy of Eric D. Caine, M.D., and Jeffrey M. Lyness, M.D.)